{"id":18088,"date":"2023-02-17T16:32:53","date_gmt":"2023-02-17T08:32:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sar-climate.adpc.net\/?p=18088"},"modified":"2023-09-28T14:18:30","modified_gmt":"2023-09-28T06:18:30","slug":"re-evaluating-coastal-risks-land-elevation-data-and-climate-change","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sar-climate.adpc.net\/index.php\/2023\/02\/17\/re-evaluating-coastal-risks-land-elevation-data-and-climate-change\/","title":{"rendered":"Re-evaluating Coastal Risks: Land Elevation Data and Climate Change"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class='booster-block booster-read-block'>\n                <div class=\"twp-read-time\">\n                \t<i class=\"booster-icon twp-clock\"><\/i> <span>Read Time:<\/span>4 Minute, 51 Second                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18100\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18100\" style=\"width: 1280px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18100 size-full lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/sar-climate.adpc.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/BenStrauss-transformed.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18100\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18100 size-full lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/sar-climate.adpc.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/BenStrauss-transformed.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" \/><\/noscript> Dr. Benjamin Strauss (Photo by ADPC)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<em><a style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 15px; color: #000000; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.climatecentral.org\/\">Dr. Benjamin Strauss is Chief Executive Officer and Chief Scientist at <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>Climate Central<\/strong><\/span> based in New York, USA.<\/a><\/em>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<a style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 20px; color: #000000; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;\">While most of the scientific community researches disasters and climate change, we\u2019ve focused 99% of our energy on how far and how quickly the sea-level will rise or how high storms can raise waters when they come in. <\/a><\/p>\n<p><a style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 20px; color: #000000; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;\">But when we\u2019ve looked at the moving ball, it turns out that we don\u2019t know a lot about the elevation of the land in many parts of the world.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 20px; color: #000000; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;\">Asia mostly uses satellite-based elevation data, and unfortunately, measuring from a satellite can produce much less accurate data when compared to airborne lidar data. <\/a><\/p>\n<p><a style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 20px; color: #000000; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;\">The image below compares airborne-lidar and satellite-based data in the same area, and as you can see, it shows a much lesser threat.<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18091\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18091\" style=\"width: 1280px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18091 size-full lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/sar-climate.adpc.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/AirborneSatellite.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18091\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18091 size-full lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/sar-climate.adpc.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/AirborneSatellite.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" \/><\/noscript> A comparison of airborne-lidar and satellite-based observations in the same area (Photo by Climate Central)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<a style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 20px; color: #000000; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;\">When you&#8217;re sending signals down from a satellite to measure elevation on land, by the time the beam reaches the surface, it&#8217;s pretty broad and when it comes down, it&#8217;s going to hit things like rooftops and treetops.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 20px; color: #000000; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;\">The satellite signal generally can&#8217;t tell the difference between a rooftop and a treetop, at least the legacy signals that were used in the development of all of the major global elevation datasets used by the research community today.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 20px; color: #000000; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;\">When rooftops and treetops blend in with ground elevation, it makes the land look higher than it is and this is a real problem when you&#8217;re trying to understand flood risk and sea-level rise risks. However, a new dataset that a colleague and I developed is using machine learning to take those satellite data sets and is trying to eliminate the effect of rooftops and treetops.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 20px; color: #000000; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;\">In September 2021, we also published the second version of Coastal DEM v2.1, which is a high-accuracy and high-resolution global coastal elevation model. When I talk about its performance, the bars below show the error at validated elevation data compared to the best we have for ground truth.<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18094\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18094\" style=\"width: 1280px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18094 size-full lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/sar-climate.adpc.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/DEMErrors.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18094\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18094 size-full lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/sar-climate.adpc.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/DEMErrors.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" \/><\/noscript> A comparison of vertical bias Digital Elevation Monitoring (DEM) and Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat-2) Satellite Lidar in meters (Graphic by Climate Central).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<a style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 20px; color: #000000; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;\">The research community has principally used the data set called MERIT and its predecessor, which doesn&#8217;t perform as well, called SRTM. MERIT comes from scientific researchers, AWD3D30 is developed by the Japanese government, TanDEM-X by the German Aerospace Agency and NASADEM is NASA\u2019s development in the United States.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 20px; color: #000000; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;\">On average, all of these elevation data sets think that the land is one and a half meters higher than its actual height (or more), so when we&#8217;re projecting only less than a meter of sea-level rise by the end of this century, that&#8217;s a big problem.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 20px; color: #000000; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;\">Both of our Coastal DEM versions try to reduce this error &#8211; the first one we released did underestimate elevation by almost half a meter in a global average, but the newest version gets essentially to zero.<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<iframe class=\"lazyload\" title=\"Climate Central | Land projected to be below annual flood level in 2050\" data-src=\"https:\/\/coastal.climatecentral.org\/embed\/map\/11\/88.3561\/22.5876\/?theme=sea_level_rise&amp;map_type=year&amp;basemap=roadmap&amp;contiguous=true&amp;elevation_model=best_available&amp;forecast_year=2050&amp;pathway=ssp3rcp70&amp;percentile=p50&amp;return_level=return_level_1&amp;rl_model=gtsr&amp;slr_model=ipcc_2021_med\" width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 34px; text-align: center; line-height: 72px; font-color: #0b6603;\"><span style=\"color: #c6a024;\"><b><i class=\"fa fa-quote-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 34px; line-height: 48px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #c6a024;\"><b><i>It turns out that we don\u2019t know a lot about the elevation of the land in many parts of the world!<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<a style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 20px; color: #000000; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;\">Here\u2019s Kolkata, India, which is under great threat of increased flooding due to rising sea levels. We\u2019ll look at the sea-level rise just by itself as projected through the 2050s. <\/a><\/p>\n<p><a style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 20px; color: #000000; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;\">Here are areas below the one-year flood line, which is much more extensive, and it has turned Kolkata into a small dry island.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 20px; color: #000000; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;\">So there&#8217;s a possibility that as much work as we&#8217;ve done to improve our data, it may not yet be doing the full appropriate correction for the most densely developed downtowns, where you have the most buildings and density.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 20px; color: #000000; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;\">There&#8217;s something very profound to understand about sea level rise and climate change, which is that ice takes time to melt. <\/a><\/p>\n<p><a style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 20px; color: #000000; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;\">We know it\u2019s going to melt and the same is roughly true for sea-level projections in the scientific community. It is a great struggle to understand exactly how quickly sea levels will rise in the coming decades or this century, but we have more confidence in our long-term projections of how much ice will melt and how much water will expand based on the warming that we cause.<br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 20px; color: #000000; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;\">Despite the more than one degree Celsius of warming that we&#8217;ve already experienced on the planet, the ice sheets have fortunately not yet come close to catching up with that level.<br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a style=\"text-align: left; font-size: 20px; color: #000000; line-height: 28px; text-decoration: none;\">However, they&#8217;re still melting because of that, and we can expect there to be around two meters of sea-level rise from the carbon pollution that we&#8217;ve already put in the atmosphere and a lot more from higher levels of warming that we could cause in the future.<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][vc_video link=&#8221;https:\/\/youtu.be\/RgTyPvAhEAg?list=PL1Z2HgrrG-lHuPqNWOYrbnkauDrO1eFLK&#8221; el_width=&#8221;60&#8243; align=&#8221;center&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text][\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 16px; text-align: left;\"><i>Dr. Benjamin Strauss spoke with ADPC during its Climate Talks panel discussion on sea-level rise.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n        <div class=\"booster-block booster-reactions-block\">\n            <div class=\"twp-reactions-icons\">\n                \n                <div class=\"twp-reacts-wrap\">\n                    <a react-data=\"be-react-1\" post-id=\"18088\" class=\"be-face-icons un-reacted\" href=\"javascript:void(0)\">\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" 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data-src=\"https:\/\/sar-climate.adpc.net\/wp-content\/plugins\/booster-extension\/\/assets\/icon\/surprise.svg\" alt=\"Surprise\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/sar-climate.adpc.net\/wp-content\/plugins\/booster-extension\/\/assets\/icon\/surprise.svg\" alt=\"Surprise\"><\/noscript>\n                    <\/a>\n                    <div class=\"twp-reaction-title\">Surprise<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"twp-count-percent\">\n                                                    <span style=\"display: none;\" class=\"twp-react-count\">0<\/span>\n                                                                        <span class=\"twp-react-percent\"><span>0<\/span> %<\/span>\n                                            <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n    ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Dr. Benjamin Strauss is Chief Executive Officer and Chief Scientist at Climate Central based in New York, USA.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]While most of the scientific community researches disasters and climate change, we\u2019ve focused 99% of our energy on how far and how quickly the sea-level will rise or how high storms can raise waters when they come [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":18101,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"post-template-fullwidth-1.php","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,375,369,248],"tags":[247],"class_list":["post-18088","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blogs","category-electricity","category-india","category-integrated-water-resources-management","tag-blog","eq-blocks"],"gutentor_comment":0,"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ 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